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Growth of Turfgrasses as Affected by Soil Phosphorus and Arsenic¹

ABSTRACT

The influence of soil phosphorus (P) level on the growth of turfgrasses and on the Bray P₁ extractable arsenic (As) were investigated. In the first study five rates of As (0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.76, and 3.53 kg As/100 m²) and four rates of P (0, 1, 2, and 4 kg P/100 m²) were applied to a soil low in natural P. In the second study four rates of As (0, 0.88, 1.76, and 3.53 kg As/100 m²) were applied to a soil collected from a long-term P study. Several cool season turfgrasses were seeded in each study.

Arsenic had no effect on seed germination of any of the grasses when the As was applied and incubated 7 weeks prior to seeding. Increasing As levels decreased the growth of all grasses regardless of P level. Poa annua L. was most affected by As. Phosphorus had little or no effect on As toxicity as exhibited by turfgrass growth even at very high P levels.

Adding As increased the Bray P₁ extractable As fraction. The Bray P₁ extractable As level was negatively correlated to turfgrass growth. Phosphorus had no effect on As activity as measured by the Bray P₁ extractable As. However, As markedly increased the P soil test results due to interference.

¹ Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Article no. 6919. Research supported in part by Michigan Turfgrass Foundation.

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant (presently Assistant Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002) and Professors, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing 48824, respectively.

Received for publication August 26, 1974. Accepted for publication June 30, 1975.