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Loess in Ohio in Relation to Several Possible Source Areas: I. Physical and Chemical Properties¹

ABSTRACT

Thin loess deposits east of the Little Miami, Scioto, and Muskingum rivers in Ohio were investigated (i) to test the hypothesis that these river valleys were source areas for the loess that adjoins them, (ii) to determine if multiple loess strata occurred within any of the loess deposits, and (iii) to approximate, where possible, the geologic age of the loess. The loessial materials were investigated using morphological, chemical, and physical parameters. Particle-size data were expressed on a fine earth and clay-free basis. The fine earth basis was useful in detecting pedogenic development. Clay-free data were used in establishing changes in parent material with depth and, perhaps more importantly, in development of relations between particle-size and distance from proposed source areas.

Scioto and Muskingum river valleys were the chief source areas for the loess in the adjoining study areas, but the Little Miami Valley was not the primary source of the loess in the study area adjacent to it. Multiple loess deposits were identified only adjacent to the Muskingum River. All upper loess units were considered to be of comparable age; Late Wisconsin (Peoria Loess). The middle loess adjacent to the Muskingum River was considered to be Farmdale (Roxanna Silt) and the lower loess at the same site was considered to be Loveland loess (Loveland Silt) and contained a well-developed Sangamon paleosol.

¹ Contribution of the Agronomy Department, Ohio Agric. Res. & Development Center, State Project 106, Journal Paper no. 110-74. Part of a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D. degree at The Ohio State Univ. Presented before Div. S-5, Soil Sci. Soc. Am., New Orleans, La., 14 Nov. 1968.

² Formerly Assistant in Agronomy, the Ohio State Univ., presently Associate Professor of Agronomy, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; and Professor of Agronomy, Associate Professor of Agronomy, and Professor of Agronomy, The Ohio State Univ., respectively.

Received for publication October 22, 1974. Accepted for publication July 18, 1975.