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Soils and Stratigraphy of Mid to Lower Slopes in the Southwestern Uplands of Nigeria¹

ABSTRACT

Pedogenic and geomorphologic studies along mid to lower slopes of typical landforms in southwestern Nigeria revealed simple to complex stratification of pedisediments derived through cyclic erosional and depositional phenomena that evolved the inselberg landscapes in the region. The most recent pedimentation of slopes and hence, the deposition of the youngest soil parent material, is believed to have occurred about 2360 ± 120 years before the present. Contemporary soils owe many of their major properties to depositional processes. Pedogenic processes that could be inferred from existing soil properties include: the addition of organic matter to surface horizons, strong leaching of bases, eluviation of iron oxides from surface layers, lateral translocation of iron oxides, incrustation of subsoil concretionary materials to form petroferric horizons (hardpan) in lower slope positions, and clay migration.

¹ Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, the Agency for International Development (AID/Afr. 262), and the Univ. of Ife, Nigeria. Presented in part, before Div. S-5, Soil Science Soc. of America, New Orleans, La., Nov. 1968.

² Lecturer, University of Ife, Nigeria, former Research Assistant, Univ. of Wisconsin; Professor of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin; and Professor of Soil Science, Univ. of Gottingen, West Germany, former Senior Lecturer in Soil Science, Univ. of Ife, Nigeria, respectively.

Received for publication February 14, 1975. Accepted for publication November 10, 1975.