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The Influence of Cation Exchange Capacity and Depth of Incorporation on Ammonia Volatilization from Ammonium Compounds Applied to Calcareous Soils¹

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and depth of incorporation on NH₃-N volatilization from NH₄⁺-N compounds applied to calcareous soil. This study was conducted in the laboratory on soils with a wide range of CEC. An increasing CEC resulted in decreasing NH₃ losses. Ammonium sulfate produced higher soil pH values and NH₃ losses than did NH₄NO₃. The pH of the soil decreased with increasing NH₄NO₃ application rates. With NH₄NO₃, percent NH₃-N losses decreased with increasing application rate; however, with (NH₄)₂SO₄, percent NH₃-N losses increased as the application rates increased.

Incorporation of the NH₄⁺-compounds into the soil reduced NH₃ losses. Increasing depths of NH₄⁺-incorporation resulted in reduced NH₃ loss. Losses decreased as the CEC of soil increased. The effectiveness of soil depth in reducing NH₃ loss was associated with soil water content. Decreasing the soil water increased the effectiveness of soil incorporation for reducing NH₃ losses.

Two regression equations were developed to describe NH₃ losses with respect to CEC, soil pH, time, NH₄⁺-N application rate and temperature. Correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.81 for (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃ systems, respectively.

¹ Contribution from Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843.

² Assistant Professor and Associate Professor, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., located, respectively, at Texas A&M Research Center at El Paso, 10601 North Loop Road, El Paso, TX 79926, and Blackland Conservation Research Center, Box 748, Temple, TX 76501.

Received for publication April 14, 1975. Accepted for publication January 31, 1976.

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