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Determining Cation Exchange Capacity: A New Procedure for Calcareous and Gypsiferous Soils¹

ABSTRACT

A new, two-step procedure is presented for determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of calcareous and gypsiferous soils. The method eliminates most of the errors inherent in conventional methods. The cation exchange sites are saturated with sodium by four successive "equilibrations" of the soil (4–5 g) with 33-ml increments of a pH 8.2, 60% ethanol solution of 0.4N NaO Ac – 0.1N NaCl (saturating solution). The saturated sample then is extracted with three 33-ml increments of 1.0N, pH 7 magnesium nitrate. Total sodium (Na_t) and chloride (Cl_t) are subsequently determined in the extracted solution. Chloride (Cl_t) is determined so that the soluble sodium (Na_sol), from the excess saturating solution carried over from the saturation step to the extraction step, may be deducted from the total sodium (Na_t) to obtain exchangeable sodium (Na_exch), which is equivalent to the CEC. Thus, CEC = Na_exch = (Na_t – Na_sol) = Na_t – [Cl_t(Na/Cl)_{saturating solution}] where (Na/Cl)_{saturating solution} is the ratio of Na to Cl in the saturating solution.

¹ Contribution from the U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA 92502. Presented at Am. Soc. Agron. Meeting, Houston, Texas, 28 Nov. – 3 Dec. 1976.

² Visiting Scientist and Supervisory Soil Scientist, respectively, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, P.O. Box 672, Riverside, CA 92502. Permanent address of Mario Polemio is Universita Degli Studi Di Bari, Istituto Di Chimica Agraria, Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70100 BARI, Italy. This stay in Riverside was sponsored with a "Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche" Fellowship.

Received for publication October 1, 1976. Accepted for publication January 4, 1977.

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