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Homovalent and Heterovalent Cation Exchange Equilibria in Soils with Variable Surface Charge¹

ABSTRACT

Cation-exchange equilibira involving K, Na, Ca, and Mg were studied with Chilean Dystrandepts.

The K-Na exchange and the Ca-Mg exchange showed that K and Ca were preferentially adsorbed. Increased charge density through adsorption of phosphate resulted in a reduction in the selectivity for K in the K-Na system. Phosphate adsorption had no apparent effect on the selectivity for Ca in the Ca-Mg system.

In heterovalent systems, these soils showed a perferential adsorption of the divalent cation. This selectivity was more pronounced at low equivalent concentration of the divalent cation. The selectivity for the divalent cation increased as the surface charge density was increased by phosphate adsorption.

¹ Contribution from the Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas of the Univ. of Chile, Santiago, and the Dep. of Soil and Environ. Sci. Univ. of California, Riverside. The support of the Univ. of Chile-University of California Program financed by the Ford Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.

² Former Graduate Student and Professor of Soil Science, respectively. The senior author is now Assistant Professor of the Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Univ. de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Received for publication December 1, 1976. Accepted for publication May 3, 1977.