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Interactive Effect of Salinity and Phosphorus on Sesame¹

ABSTRACT

A solution culture experiment was conducted with a short-season sesame [Sesamum indicum L. (Selection 333)] to observe interactive effects of osmotic potential (–0.4, –1.4, –2.4, and –4.4 bars NaCl added to a complete nutrient solution), and P concentration (0.5, 5, 25, and 50 mg P/liter) on water relations, mineral nutrition, and yield characteristics. Salinity reduced yields linearly with a 50% decrease in pod yield at an osmotic potential of approximately –2.7 bars. Increasing P concentrations increased yields only at low salinity levels; at higher salinity levels, yields decreased progressively as P increased. Salt tolerance was reduced by the higher P additions.

A multiple regression equation for pod yield as a function of salinity and P in combination was developed (R² = 0.76). Leaf water potential at the early flowering stage decreased with pod yield as salinity and P concentrations increased. Leaf NO₃ concentrations decreased as salinity increased.

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Soil and Environ. Sci., Univ. of California, Riverside 92521, and from the US Salinity Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, P. O. Box 672, Riverside, CA 92502.

² Post-Doctoral Researcher, Professor of Soil Science, and Research Agricultural Engineer (ARS), respectively. Senior author's present address is Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS) Murcia, Spain.

Received for publication March 4, 1977. Accepted for publication May 27, 1977.