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Copper and Cadmium Adsorption Characteristics of Selected Acid and Calcareous Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Samples of two New York soils, an acid and a neutral silt loam, were equilibrated with Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ solutions in concentrations ranging from 10^–5 to 10^–4M in distilled water and in 0.01M CaCl₂. The extent of complexation and adsorption of the heavy metals was measured using specific ion electrodes and atomic absorption. The data were found to fit the Langmuir adsorption model, and the Cu²⁺ adsorption maxima were greater than those of Cd²⁺ for both soils. Acid soils demonstrated much less ability to retain the heavy metals than neutral soils. In the presence of 0.01M CaCl₂, adsorption of the metals was much reduced, suggesting Ca²⁺ competition for adsorption sites. A considerable amount of Cu²⁺ was complexed in the soil solutions, but Cd²⁺ complexation was much less evident. The results support an ion exchange mechanism of adsorption in the surface soils, and suggest that precipitation occurs in calcareous subsoils.

¹ Contribution of the Dept. of Agronomy, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853. Agronomy Paper no. 1235.

² Graduate Research Assistant and Assistant Professor of Soil Chemistry, respectively.

Received for publication October 17, 1977. Accepted for publication March 14, 1978.

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