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Cation Exchange Equilibria in a Mixed Soil System Containing Three Heterovalent Cations¹

ABSTRACT

Cation exchange equations used with soils have been suitable only for systems containing two cations. Theoretical exchange equilibria relationships for a mixed soil system containing three heterovalent cations; Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺; are presented. Predictive equations for this tertiary system are derived using solid phase activity coefficients and thermodynamic equilibrium constants for the three binary systems obtained from experimental data. Theoretical cation exchange equilibria described for this tertiary system are in agreement with recognized exchange properties for these three cations. Interactions between two cations as they affect the exchange behavior of a third cation are also predicted. The methods presented are applicable to systems containing any number of heterovalent cations.

¹ Contribution of the Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843. This study was partially funded by Houston Lighting & Power Company and the Tom Slick Research Fellowship.

² Graduate Research Assistant and Professor, respectively, Soil and Crop Sciences Department. Senior author is presently Assistant Professor, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Weslaco, TX 78596.

Received for publication March 6, 1978. Accepted for publication May 25, 1978.