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Iron Oxide Mineralogy of Well-drained Ultisols and Oxisols: II. Influence on Color, Surface Area, and Phosphate Retention¹

ABSTRACT

Subsoil samples from selected North Carolina Ultisols and Brazilian Oxisols were analyzed to determine how the colors of these materials were influenced by the nature and distribution of their constituent iron oxides. The effects of extraneous variables, i.e., other than the iron oxides, were minimized by utilizing pairs of red and yellow soils that were otherwise similar in their physical, morphological, and mineralogical properties.

The iron oxides were found to be concentrated in the <0.2-µm fractions, and the colors of these clays were the same as or similar to those of the parent soils. The spectral properties of the <0.2-µm clays were primarily influenced by iron mineralogy. Goethite or mixtures of goethite and hematite were identified in all of the clays; however, Mössbauer analyses indicated that the red members of all sample pairs contained larger proportions of hematite than did their yellow counterparts. In addition, as the clays became redder in hue, the ratio of hematite to goethite generally increased. Calculated surface areas for the iron oxides ranged from 60 to 200 m²/g; values from the yellow clays were consistently higher than those obtained from their red counterparts. The yellow clays were also more efficient adsorbers of phosphate.

¹ Paper no. 5510 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agric. Exp. Stn., Raleigh, NC 27650.

² Former Research Assistant, Research Assistant, Professors of Soil Science and Professor of Chemistry, respectively. The senior author is now Asst. Professor, Agronomy Dept., Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.

Received for publication January 19, 1978. Accepted for publication June 6, 1978.

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