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Cotton Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Relation to Water Table Depth¹

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three water-table depths (30, 60, and 90 cm) on growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. ‘;Stoneville 213’). Soil aeration, plant water relations, cotton seed yield, and nutrient uptake were measured. The depth of the water table was controlled by adding water to subsurface drains.

The optimum water-table depth was 90 cm or greater with reductions in seed cotton yield of 43 and 25% for water-table depths of 30 and 60 cm, respectively. As the water-table depth increased from 30 to 90 cm, concentrations in stems and leaves of N, Ca, K, and Cu increased whereas concentrations of P, Mg, Na, B, and Cl decreased. Increasing the water-table depth increased the total uptake of all elements studied.

When the water-table depth was increased from 30 to 90 cm, the soil aeration status increased considerably as measured by soil oxygen content, redox potential, and oxygen diffusion rate.

¹ Contribution from the Imperial Valley Conservation Res. Center, SEA-AR, USDA, Brawley, CA 92227, and Dep. of Soil Sci. & Agric. Engineering, Univ. of California, Riverside.

² Soil Scientist, Imperial Valley Conservation Research Center, Soil Scientist, Professor of Soil Science, and Professor of Horticultural Science, respectively, Univ of California. Present address of second author is Instituto Columbiano Agropecuario, Est. Exp. La Libertad, Dillabicencio Meta, Columbia.

Received for publication July 2, 1979. Accepted for publication October 30, 1979.