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A Simulation Model for Predicting Infiltration into Cracked Clay Soil¹

ABSTRACT

Infiltration into dry cracked clay soil was simulated by combining two existing physical simulation models for vertical and horizontal infiltration, using boundary conditions for horizontal infiltration that were defined by morphological data. Vertical flow into the cracks occurred when the application rate exceeded the calculated vertical infiltration rate of peds between cracks. Calculated horizontal infiltration from the cracks into adjacent dry peds was limited because it had to occur from a few small vertical bands along which the water moved. The contact area (S) of all bands had been determined in situ in 0.5-m² plots per 10-cm depth interval using morphological staining techniques. S was a function of the applied flow regime. "Short-circuiting," which was defined as preferential movement of free water along large pores through unsaturated soil, was predicted well by the model. Short-circuiting increased when the initial moisture content of the soil was higher.

¹ Contribution from the Soil Tillage Laboratory, Diedenweg 20, Agric. Univ., Wageningen; and the Netherlands Soil Survey Institute, Box 98, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Presented at the meetings of the Eur. Geophysical Soc., Vienna. Sept. 1979.

² Soil Scientists at the Soil Tillage Laboratory and the Dep. of Soil Physics of the Soil Survey Institute, respectively.

Received for publication May 31, 1979. Accepted for publication January 15, 1980.

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