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Availability and Extractability of Phosphorus from Soils Having High Residual Phosphorus¹

ABSTRACT

Surface soil materials from the 0- to 15-cm depth of 12 sites were cropped in the greenhouse to determine quantities of phosphorus (P) removed in harvested forage and to correlate chemical soil tests with P removal by crops. Soil samples taken before and after cropping were analyzed for P extracted by NaHCO₃ and by an anion-exchange resin (AER). Quantities of P extracted by NaHCO₃ and by AER before cropping were significantly correlated with total P removed by cropping, with the NaHCO₃-extracted P producing the higher correlation coefficients. However, in terms of relationships of P removed by cropping with extractable P, the soils separated into two groups. The first group, characterized by relatively high ratios of P removal in crops to extractable P, particularly for soil samples taken after cropping, tended to have relatively high pH, high soluble Ca, and clayey textures. The second group, having lower ratios of P removal to extractable P, tended to have neutral pH values and relatively low soluble Ca and sandy textures. The data suggest that the estimation of quantities of available P from soil analysis might be highly dependent on soil characteristics and the nature of the P compounds that have accumulated.

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. The financial support of the National Fertilizer Development Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, is hereby gratefully acknowledged.

² Former Graduate Student, Professor, and Assistant Professor of Soil Science, respectively. The Senior Author is now Senior Research Officer, Soil Science Section, National Cereals Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Received for publication October 13, 1981. Accepted for publication February 1, 1982.