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Effect of Soil Acidity Factors on Yields and Foliar Composition of Tropical Root Crops¹

ABSTRACT

Tropical root crops, a major source of food for subsistence farmers, varied in their sensitivity to soil acidity factors. Tolerance to soil acidity is an important characteristic of crops for the humid tropics where soils are often very acid and lime-scarce and expensive. Experiments on two Ultisols and an Oxisol showed that three tropical root crops differed markedly in sensitivity to soil acidity factors. Yams (Dioscorea alata L.) were very sensitive to soil acidity with yields on a Ultisol decreasing from 70% of maximum when Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil was 10 to 25% of maximum when Al saturation was 40%. On the other hand, Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was very tolerant to high levels of soil acidity, yielding about 85% of maximum with 60% Al saturation. Taniers (Xanthosoma sp.) were intermediate between yams and cassava in their tolerance to soil acidity yielding about 60% of maximum with 50% Al saturation of the soil. Foliar composition of cassava was not affected by soil acidity levels and that of yams and taniers was also unaffected except for Ca content which decreased with decreasing soil pH and increasing Al saturation. Response of these tropical root crops to soil acidity components was far more striking on Ultisols than on the Oxisol. For yams, soils should be limed to about pH 5.5 with essentially no exchangeable Al³⁺ present whereas high yields of taniers can be obtained at about pH 4.8 with 20% exchangeable Al³⁺ and of cassava at pH as low as 4.5 with 60% exchangeable Al³⁺.

¹ This paper covers work carried out cooperatively between the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, and the Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agricultural Sciences, Mayaguez Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras.

² Soil Scientist, Soil Scientist Leader, and Agronomist, ARS-USDA, Río Piedras, P.R.; and Assistant Agronomist, Agric. Exp. St., College of Agricultural Sciences, Mayaguez Campus, Univ. of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras.

Received for publication March 18, 1982. Accepted for publication June 8, 1982.

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