HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) An erratum has been published Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Gupta, S. C. Articles by Allmaras, R. R. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Gupta, S. C. Articles by Allmaras, R. R. Agricola Articles by Gupta, S. C. Articles by Allmaras, R. R.

Predicting Soil Temperature and Soil Heat Flux under Different Tillage-Surface Residue Conditions¹

ABSTRACT

Model descriptions for soil temperature utilizing readily available information are needed to project management effects of tillage. In many cases these model descriptions must cover periods of a month or more during the growing season. A procedure was developed to utilize daily maximum and minimum air temperature along with normalized root zone temperatures. Root zone temperatures were much more sensitive to the surface residue than the surface roughness (or other tilled layer property) characteristic of tillage-residue cover combinations. However, root zone temperatures normalized with respect to daily maximum and minimum temperatures were of a similar shape for all tillage-residue cover combinations. These normalized soil temperatures also afforded easy comparison among treatments and locations. A Fourier series analysis of daily normalized soil temperatures averaged over part of a growing season showed that the average value around which average normalized soil-temperature curves (diurnal wave) oscillate varies with depth and season. Amplitudes and phase angles of the first two harmonics of the Fourier series were approximately the same for all treatments over four seasons.

A model was developed to estimate soil temperatures for various tillage-residue cover treatments with and without a crop cover for the northern Corn Belt states. The model utilizes the first two harmonics of the Fourier series and the relationships between the daily maximum and minimum soil surface temperatures vs. maximum and minimum air temperatures. Input needed for the model are: daily maximum and minimum air temperatures, thermal diffusivity of soil, and coefficients of the Fourier series fitted to average normalized soil temperatures. At one location in southern Minnesota the model predicted soil temperatures at 0.05 and 0.10-m depths over 45 d during the spring of 1980 within an average difference of 2.0°C and a deviation of no more than 3.8°C 67% of the time.

A procedure to estimate hourly soil surface heat flux under different tillage and residue conditions is also presented. The procedure is based on the Fourier series soil temperature model. Inputs needed for the model are: (i) daily maximum and minimum air temperatures, (ii) thermal diffusivity, and (iii) volumetric heat capacity. Soil surface heat flux is often needed in the calculation of evaporation from the energy budget methods.

¹ Contribution of the Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, St. Paul, MN 55108 in cooperation with the Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Paper No. 13472, Sci. J. Ser.

² Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, and Associate Professor, Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul; and Professor and Head, Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Minnesota, previously Soil Scientist with USDA-ARS, St. Paul; Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conserv. Res. Ctr. Pendleton, OR.

Received for publication June 3, 1983. Accepted for publication November 10, 1983.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. H. Gowda, R. L. Baumhardt, A. M. Esparza, T. H. Marek, and T. A. Howell Suitability of Cotton as an Alternative Crop in the Ogallala Aquifer Region Agron. J., October 15, 2007; 99(6): 1397 - 1403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. P. Beyaert, J. W. Schott, and P. H. White Tillage Effects on Corn Production in a Coarse-Textured Soil in Southern Ontario Agron. J., July 1, 2002; 94(4): 767 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. O. Guaraglia, J. L. Pousa, and L. Pilan Predicting Temperature and Heat Flow in a Sandy Soil by Electrical Modeling Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., July 1, 2001; 65(4): 1074 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Bargar, J.B. Swan, and D. Jaynes Soil Water Recharge under Uncropped Ridges and Furrows Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 1999; 63(5): 1290 - 1299. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C.C. Trettin, D.W. Johnson, and D.E. Todd Jr. Forest Nutrient and Carbon Pools at Walker Branch Watershed: Changes during a 21-Year Period Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 1999; 63(5): 1436 - 1448. [Abstract] [Full Text]