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Fluorite Precipitation in a Calcareous Soil Irrigated with High Fluoride Water¹

ABSTRACT

Lysimeters filled with Freedom silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Xerollic Calciorthids) were irrigated with geothermal well water from south central Idaho. The water contained 7 mg F/L. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown in the lysimeters and the water was applied at a rate to give either a 0.30 or 0.15 leaching fraction. After irrigating the 1.0 m deep soil samples for 600 d, over 98% of the added F remained in the soil. Soil extract and lysimeter leachate analysis showed that fluorite precipitation was occurring in the upper profile, but only after another fluoride adsorption mechanism was saturated and the fluoride and calcium ion activities exceeded the CaF₂ ion activity product. The F concentration in the upper profile extracts exceeded 20 mg F/L and with the additional high F water irrigation, the soluble F would be expected to leach deeper in the soil. Under field conditions the F would be expected to eventually move into the groundwater with continued irrigation with high F water.

¹ Contribution from the Univ. of Idaho, College of Agriculture, Research and Extension Center, and USDA-ARS, Snake River Conservation Research Center, Kimberly, ID 83341. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Dep. of Energy.

² Former graduate student, Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Univ. of Idaho, presently graduate student, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523; Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, Snake River Conservation Research Center, Kimberly, ID 83341; and Professor of Soils, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843.

Received for publication July 18, 1983. Accepted for publication March 19, 1984.

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