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Morphological, Physical and Chemical Properties of Major Soils from Calagua in Northwestern Uruguay¹

ABSTRACT

Vertisols, Alfisols, and Mollisols were identified in a soil survey of the area of Calagua in northwestern Uruguay. They are generally deep, dark-colored, with well-developed structure, high in CEC and base saturation, and can hold and supply sufficient amounts of water and nutrients for crops. Most are developed from clay sediments derived from basalt or quaternary mudstones. Most pH values of the surface layers are around 6.0 indicating no apparent danger from either exchangeable aluminum or excess of carbonates. Potassium and phosphorus levels are strikingly low. The soils of Calagua appear to have a great potential for field crops such as rice, sugarcane, and sorghum as well as for horticultural crops such as tomatoes, melons and cabbage. Any program geared to improve crop production in the area must provide for efficient irrigation techniques at critical growth periods, drainage, and the rational use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

¹ Contribution from the Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus.

² Professor and Soil Scientist (ret., now Consultant), Agricultural Experiment Station, Univ. Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, P.R., Ingeniero Agrónomo, CALNU, Bella Unión, Uruguay; and State Soil Scientist, Caribbean Office, USDA Soil Conservation Service, San Juan, P.R., respectively.

Received for publication August 22, 1983. Accepted for publication September 10, 1984.