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Influence of Soybean and Corn Cropping on Soil Aggregate Size and Stability¹

ABSTRACT

Higher rates of soil loss have been observed for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping than for corn (Zea mays L.) cropping. The objective of this study was to determine whether 4 yr of continuous soybean and continuous corn cropping had altered the size and stability of soil aggregates within the tillage zone, which could affect soil seal formation and erodibility. Samples for analyses were obtained in June and October of 1980 from the Monona (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludolls) and Clarion (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludolls) soils in Iowa. The mean-weight diameter of dry-sieved aggregates was significantly (p <0.05) lower for soybeans than corn in October, but the values were similar in June. The mean-weight diameter of wet-sieved aggregates was lower for soybeans than corn in both June and October, but the differences were not statistically significant. The mass of clay released from the bulk soil and two macroaggregate size fractions with laboratory shaking was slightly, but significantly (p <0.10), higher for corn than soybeans.

¹ Contribution from the Watershed Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203.

² Soil Scientists, Watershed Research Unit, ARS, USDA, 207 Business Loop 70 East, Columbia, MO 65203.

Received for publication September 4, 1984. Accepted for publication May 31, 1985.