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Effect of Fertilizer Source on Denitrification and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Maize-field¹

ABSTRACT

The C₂H₂-block method was used to measure denitrification in a maize (Zea mays L.) field over the 85-d period between sidedressing with N fertilizer and harvest. Measurement locations were changed weekly in order to avoid problems associated with microbial utilization of C₂H₂ and inhibition of nitrification. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes were measured both with and without C₂H₂ addition to soil. Without C₂H₂ addition to soil, 0.3 kg N ha^–1 was evolved from both unfertilized and Ca(NO₃)₂ treated soil, whereas 2.5 kg N ha^–1 was evolved from urea treated soil. This difference was attributed to formation of N₂O during nitrification of NH⁺₄ liberated from urea. With C₂H₂ addition to soil, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 kg N ha^–1 were evolved as the result of denitrification in the zero N, Ca(NO₃)₂, and urea treated sites, respectively. Total gaseous N loss from a particular N treatment was approximated by adding together the N₂O-N loss with and without C₂H₂ addition to soil. The gaseous N loss associated with fertilizer addition was <3% of that applied. The ratio of N₂/N₂O evolved without C₂H₂ addition to soil was estimated to be in the range of 4:1 to 7:1 for the zero N and Ca(NO₃)₂ treatments and about 1:1 for the urea treatment. Denitrification was responsible for at least 80% of the measured gaseous N loss from the zero N and Ca(NO₃)₂ treatments. About equal amounts of gaseous N loss from the urea treatment occurred via denitrification and during nitrification of liberated NH⁺₄.

¹ Cornell Univ., Dep. of Agronomy, paper no. 1561.

² Associate Professor of Soil Chemistry and former Graduate Student, Dep. of Agronomy, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, respectively.

Received for publication May 1, 1985.

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