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The Effect of Adsorption on Sulfate Leaching¹

ABSTRACT

Movement of sulfate (S) through repacked columns of soil with high and low S adsorption capacity was studied in the laboratory. Differences in movement could be explained by the shape of adsorption isotherms which were determined from batch-type experiments. ³⁵S was found to be a suitable tracer to study the movement of applied ³⁵S. For step-function changes between 0, 3.12, and 6.24 mol m^–3 in the concentration of the applied S solution, different breakthrough curves (BTC) were found for the rising and falling limbs. Also the higher the concentration of S in the applied solution, the earlier the added S appeared in the effluent. The BTC obtained agreed well with those calculated from numerical solution of the dispersion-convection equation, assuming a Freundlich adsorption isotherm and instantaneous reversible adsorption. However, after leaching of a pulse of S added to the surface soil, the observed S distributions in soil columns were not well described by theory. The discrepancies were largest when the soil containing the added pulse of S was incubated prior to leaching. Possible reasons for this lack of agreement are discussed.

¹ Contribution from the Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey Univ., Palmerston North, New Zealand. This research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Zealand.

² Research Officer, Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre; Senior Lecturer; Professor; and Senior Research Officer, respectively, Dep. of Soil Science, Massey Univ.

Received for publication October 28, 1985.

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