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Urea and Manure Effects on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Dry Matter Yields¹

ABSTRACT

Fresh (FC) and composted (CC) cow (Bos taurus) manures, liquid hog (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure (HM), and urea (U) were applied as N sources for silage corn (Zea mays L., hybrid W844) production on a Chicot (Hapludalfs) and a St. Benoit soil (Eutrochrepts) at rates of 0 to 240 N ha^–1. Soil NO₃-N levels were significantly increased while soil NH₄-N levels were only temporary increased by N additions. Highest NO₃-N levels were noted 30 and 60 d (June and July) after N applications for the St. Benoit and the Chicot soils respectively. Hog manure resulted in more NO₃-N compared with FC and CC manures. One to 5 kg manure-N was found to be equivalent to 1 kg of urea-N in terms of increasing soil NO₃-N levels at the end of growing season. Differences between surface spreading or incorporating of manures on corn dry matter yields (DMY) and N uptake were not significant. Nitrogen uptake increased with increases in N application rates and was higher with HM than with CC or FC manures. Regression between DMY or N uptake and N application rates showed linear relationships with manure-N and quadratic relationships with urea-N. In 1984, 1 to 4 kg manure-N resulted in similar corn DMY as 1 kg urea-N. Cumulative effects of treatments on yields and on nutrient uptake observed in second and third years were greater on the St. Benoit soil than on the Chicot soil.

¹ Contribution from Dep. of Renewable Resources, Macdonald College of McGill Univ. Part of the M.Sc. thesis of the senior author submitted to Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada.

² Graduate Assistant and Professor of Soil Science, respectively.

Received for publication September 24, 1985.

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