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ABSTRACT
Our objective was to investigate if any one of four tillage practices studied is more efficient than another for conserving soil water in the top 0.1 m of a soil profile during the mid-summer months of fallow in the northern Great Plains. The study was conducted on a Williams loam (fine-loamy mixed, Typic Argiboroll) 11 km northwest of Sidney, MT. Tthe treatments, replicated three times, were: (i) bare fallow, (ii) stubble-mulch fallow, (iii) chemical fallow-mixed standing and flat residue, and (iv) chemical fallow-flat residue. At the outset there were 3500 and 1100 kg/ha of standing and flat residue, respectively. Following rains >3 mm and one 40-mm irrigation, three soil cores were taken to a 0.1-m depth from each plot at predetermined intervals and composited. The most rapid initial drying occurred on bare fallow plots, generally followed by stubble-mulch fallow plots, standing and flat straw plots, and flat straw plots. The average initial drying rates were about 1.9, 1.8, 1.4, and 1.2 mm/d, respectively. Differences due to treatments no longer existed after about 10 d. The data, as well as data from two precision weighing lysimeters (one bare-fallowed and the other chemically-fallowed), suggest that soil water evaporation during the summer months in the northern Great Plains is about the same from all tillage treatments tested.
1 Contribution from the USDA-ARS, in cooperation with the Montana Agric. Exp. Stn., Journal Series no. 1849.
2 Supervisory Soil Scientist and Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1109, Sidney, MT 59270.
Received for publication April 11, 1986.
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