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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 51:1173-1179 (1987)
© 1987 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Analysis of Factors Controlling Soil Organic Matter Levels in Great Plains Grasslands1

W. J. Parton, D. S. Schimel, C. V. Cole and D. S. Ojima2

ABSTRACT

We analyzed climatic and textural controls of soil organic C and N for soils of the U.S. Great Plains. We used a model of soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and composition to simulate steady-state organic matter levels for 24 grassland locations in the Great Plains. The model was able to simulate the effects of climatic gradients on SOM and productivity. Soil texture was also a major control over organic matter dynamics. The model adequately predicted aboveground plant production and soil C and N levels across soil textures (sandy, medium, and fine); however, the model tended to overestimate soil C and N levels for fine textured soil by 10 to 15%. The impact of grazing on the system was simulated and showed that steady-state soil C and N levels were sensitive to the grazing intensity, with soil C and N levels decreasing with increased grazing rates. Regional trends in SOM can be predicted using four site-specific variables, temperature, moisture, soil texture, and plant lignin content. Nitrogen inputs must also be known. Grazing intensity during soil development is also a significant control over steady-state levels of SOM, and since few data are available on presettlement grazing, some uncertainty is inherent in the model predictions.

NOTES

1 Contribution from the Natural Resource Ecology Lab., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523.

2 Senior Research Scientist, Research Scientist, Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS (Fort Collins, CO) and Graduate Research Assistant, Natural Resource Ecology Lab., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523.

Received for publication July 10, 1986.


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