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Enzymatic Coupling of 2,4-Dichlorophenol to Stream Fulvic Acid in the Presence of Oxidoreductases

Dep. of Agronomy, 119 Tyson Building, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802

Ronald L. Malcolm

U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Denver, CO

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

The coupling of ¹⁴C-ring-labelled 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) to stream fulvic acid was investigated in the presence of several oxidoreductases including tyrosinase, peroxidase, and laccases of Rhizoctonia praticola and Trametes versicolor. During 12-h incubation of each of the oxidoreductases with ¹⁴C-2, 4-DCP and stream fulvic acid, a substantial amount of the radioactivity was incorporated into fulvic acid. Chromatographic analyses indicated that although a large portion of the radioactivity remained in solution, no unbound ¹⁴C-2,4-DCP was present in the supernatant. The effects of pH, temperature, concentration of fulvic acid, and concentration of enzyme on the coupling processes were studied. The results of this research provide evidence that the enzymatic coupling of certain xenobiotic pollutants to humic substances is an important natural process which must be considered in studies of the fate, reactivity, and persistence of these organic compounds in soils and stream waters.

This work was partially supported by grant 14-08-001-G1137 from the U.S. Geological Survey and grant R-811518 of the Office of Research and Development, USEPA. Penn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series no. 7654.

Received for publication May 26, 1987.

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