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Exchange Properties of an Argiustoll: Effects of Long-Term Ammonium Nitrate Fertilization

Dep. of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Soil acidification can result from the application of high rates of ammonia-based fertilizers, but little information is available concerning the effects of long-term, annual applications at moderate rates. In this study, plots that were mapped as Smolan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Argiustolls), 1 to 4% slopes, containing an established stand of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) were fertilized continuously with rates of 0, 22, 67, 112, 157, and 224 kg N/ha for 40 yr, or for 20 yr followed by 20 yr without N fertilizer. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of such long-term applications of NH₄NO₃ on exchange properties. In the continuously fertilized plots, pH and exchangeable Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ decreased in the upper 20 cm of the soil, and neutral-salt cation exchange capacity decreased in the upper 10 cm, whereas exchangeable Al (1 M KCl) and BaCl₂-triethanolamine (BaCl₂-TEA) extractable acidity increased. In all cases, significant changes were observed only when N application exceeded plant demand. Discontinuation of fertilization for 20 yr resulted in a significant, but incomplete, trend of the exchange properties toward values of the unfertilized soils. Thus, the acidification resulting from NH₄ application, which occurred at even low application rates, was reversed somewhat after fertilization ceased.

Contribution no. 89-112-J from the Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn.

Received for publication October 5, 1988.

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