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Water-Drop Kinetic Energy Effect on Water Infiltration in Calcium and Magnesium Soils

Institute of Soils and Water, Agric. Res. Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

The effect of adsorbed Mg and Ca ions on the infiltration rate (IR) of two montmorillonitic soils (Calcic Haploxeralf and Typic Rhodoxeralf) at several kinetic energies of water drops was studied. The kinetic energy of the water drops, the type of adsorbed ion and the electrolyte concentration in the applied solution all have a strong effect on the IR of the soils saturated by Mg or Ca ions. The higher IR values of the soils exposed to electrolyte solution suggests that clay dispersion takes place in Mg and Ca soils exposed to deionized water from simulated rainfall. The IR of the soils decreased with increasing kinetic energy and the values were always lower for Mg soils than for Ca soils. This difference was attributed to the higher width of the hydration shell of the adsorbed Mg than the Ca ion. Breakdown of the soil aggregates and clay dispersion are the two mechanisms that appear to be operative in seal formation when soils are saturated by either Ca or Mg ions exposed to deionized water. Magnesium adsorbed by montmorillonitic soils has a specific effect on IR, whether the soils contain CaCO₃ or not.

This research was supported by grant no. I-743-84 from BARD—The U.S.-Israel Binational Agric. Res. and Development Fund. Contribution from the ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, no. 2633-E 1989 series.

Received for publication March 31, 1989.

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