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Soil Detachment by Single Raindrops of Varying Kinetic Energy

Land Reclamation Research Center, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554

S.C. Gupta

Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

W.J. Rawls

USDA-ARS Hydrology Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Soil detachment by raindrop impact initiates surface seal formation and interrill erosion processes. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of soil strength on soil detachability (K_d) and threshold kinetic energy (KE_o) parameters of the single-drop detachment model D = K_d[KE – KE_o], where D is soil detachment from raindrop impact and KE is raindrop kinetic energy. Soil detachment by single raindrops with varying kinetic energy was measured on samples taken from Ap horizons of seven soils ranging in texture from loamy sand to clay. Different soil-strength conditions were simulated by varying bulk density and soil matric potential. Soil strength was characterized by fall-come measurements. Both K_d and threshold kinetic energy needed to initiate soil detachment, KE_o, depended on soil strength and clay content. In sandy and loam soils with low strength conditions, KE_o was about 0.1 mJ; with higher strength conditions, KE_o varied from 0.2 to 0.3 mJ. For clay soils with different strength conditions, KE_o ranged from about 0.2 to 0.6 mJ. The relationships of K_d and KE_o with soil strength for the seven soils were grouped into three broad textural groups of sands, loams, and clays. Within each group, the K_d decreased and the KE_o increased with increase in soil strength.

Contribution from the Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Minnesota. Scientific Journal Series, Paper no. 17656.

Received for publication December 4, 1989.

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