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Potassium Accumulation and Corn Yield Related to Potassium Fertilizer Rate and Placement

Crop Science Dep., Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. 08903

E. J. Kamprath

Soil Science Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 17695-7619. This research was supported by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and the Potash and Phosphate Inst.

ABSTRACT

Sandy Coastal Plain soils have relatively low reserves of K and may not be able to supply adequate K for intensive corn (Zea mays L.) production. Field experiments were conducted on Dothan loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudult) for 3 y to determine K fertilizer rate and placement effects on corn growth and seasonal K accumulation. Treatments were 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg K ha^-1 broadcast and 56 kg K ha^-1 banded plus 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg K ha^-1 broadcast. Total K accumulation was increased by K fertilization rate each year. Method of application had a significant effect in a relatively dry year when the broadcast-plus-banded treatments resulted in greater K accumulation. Stover dry matter was increased in two of three years with 56 kg K ha^-1, but grain yield was increased in only one year. Yield increased linearly with K rates up to 112 kg K ha^-1 when the initial exchangeable-K level was 0.21 cmol L^-1. Critical exchangeable-K level was 0.35 cmol L^-1 and the critical soil solution K concentration was 0.48 mmol L^-1 for dry-matter yield. When corn is grown with intensive production practices, there is little benefit in applying banded K with broadcast K on sandy soils testing high in K.

^* Corresponding author.

Received for publication November 2, 1990.

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