| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011
Natural Resource Ecology Lab., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523
* Corresponding author.
ABSTRACT
Many models have been constructed in an attempt to describe the dynamics of soil organic-matter (SOM) turnover, most of which include 2 to 3 kinetically defined organic-matter pools. Physical and chemical definition of these conceptualized SOM pools has been difficult. We describe a simple method for dispersion of soil to isolate a particulate organic-matter (POM) fraction that may represent an important SOM pool in grassland soils. The POM fraction was isolated by dispersing the soil in 5 g L–1 hexametaphosphate and passing the dispersed soil samples through a 53-µm sieve. We compared POM and mineral-associated C among three tillage treatments (20 yr under cultivation) and an undisturbed grassland at Sidney, NE. The POM C in the native sod represented 39% of the total soil organic C. Twenty years of bare-fallow, stubble-mulch, and no-till management reduced the C content in this fraction to 18, 19, and 25%, respectively, of the total organic C. The mineral-associated organic-matter fraction showed no reduction in C content in the bare-fallow treatment compared with the grassland soil but increased in the no-till and stubble-mulch treatments. Nitrogen dynamics generally mirrored those observed for C. Analysis of the POM fraction for lignin and cellulose content indicated that this fraction was 47% lignin and had a lignocellulose index of 0.7. The stable C-isotope composition of the POM fraction suggests that wheat-derived POM turns over faster than grass-derived POM. We suggest the POM fraction closely matches the characteristics of a SOM pool variously described as slow, decomposable, or stabilized organic matter.
Contribution of the National Resource Ecology Lab. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant no. BSR 8605191.
Received for publication March 21, 1991.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  F. Dou, A. L. Wright, and F. M. Hons Sensitivity of Labile Soil Organic Carbon to Tillage in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., August 20, 2008; 72(5): 1445 - 1453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Chung, J. H. Grove, and J. Six Indications for Soil Carbon Saturation in a Temperate Agroecosystem Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 18, 2008; 72(4): 1132 - 1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. M. Sainju, Z. N. Senwo, E. Z. Nyakatawa, I. A. Tazisong, and K. C. Reddy Tillage, Cropping Systems, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Source Effects on Soil Carbon Sequestration and Fractions J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2008; 37(3): 880 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Franzluebbers and J. A. Stuedemann Early Response of Soil Organic Fractions to Tillage and Integrated Crop-Livestock Production Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 1, 2008; 72(3): 613 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Purakayastha, D. R. Huggins, and J. L. Smith Carbon Sequestration in Native Prairie, Perennial Grass, No-Till, and Cultivated Palouse Silt Loam Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., February 15, 2008; 72(2): 534 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Alvaro-Fuentes, M. V. Lopez, C. Cantero-Martinez, and J. L. Arrue Tillage Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Mediterranean Dryland Agroecosystems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., February 15, 2008; 72(2): 541 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Haile-Mariam, H. P. Collins, S. Wright, and E. A. Paul Fractionation and Long-Term Laboratory Incubation to Measure Soil Organic Matter Dynamics Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 25, 2008; 72(2): 370 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Chaudhari, R. Singh, and D. K. Kundu Rapid Textural Analysis for Saline and Alkaline Soils with Different Physical and Chemical Properties Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 25, 2008; 72(2): 431 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Mirsky, L. E. Lanyon, and B. A. Needelman Evaluating Soil Management Using Particulate and Chemically Labile Soil Organic Matter Fractions Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 11, 2008; 72(1): 180 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Causarano, A. J. Franzluebbers, J. N. Shaw, D. W. Reeves, R. L. Raper, and C. W. Wood Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Aggregation in the Southern Piedmont and Coastal Plain Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 11, 2008; 72(1): 221 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. M. Sainju, T. Caesar-TonThat, A. W. Lenssen, R. G. Evans, and R. Kolberg Long-Term Tillage and Cropping Sequence Effects on Dryland Residue and Soil Carbon Fractions Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 28, 2007; 71(6): 1730 - 1739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Al-Kaisi and J. B. Grote Cropping Systems Effects on Improving Soil Carbon Stocks of Exposed Subsoil Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 29, 2007; 71(4): 1381 - 1388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Causarano, J. N. Shaw, A. J. Franzluebbers, D. W. Reeves, R. L. Raper, K. S. Balkcom, M. L. Norfleet, and R. C. Izaurralde Simulating Field-Scale Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics Using EPIC Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 8, 2007; 71(4): 1174 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wu, J. Chen, J. Ji, P. Gong, Q. Liao, Q. Tian, and H. Ma A Mechanism Study of Reflectance Spectroscopy for Investigating Heavy Metals in Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 16, 2007; 71(3): 918 - 926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Mallory and T. S. Griffin Impacts of Soil Amendment History on Nitrogen Availability from Manure and Fertilizer Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 16, 2007; 71(3): 964 - 973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gillabel, K. Denef, J. Brenner, R. Merckx, and K. Paustian Carbon Sequestration and Soil Aggregation in Center-Pivot Irrigated and Dryland Cultivated Farming Systems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 16, 2007; 71(3): 1020 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Pikul Jr., S. Osborne, M. Ellsbury, and W. Riedell Particulate Organic Matter and Water-Stable Aggregation of Soil under Contrasting Management Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., April 5, 2007; 71(3): 766 - 776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Dou and F. M. Hons Tillage and Nitrogen Effects on Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Wheat-based Systems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 20, 2006; 70(6): 1896 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zach, H. Tiessen, and E. Noellemeyer Carbon Turnover and Carbon-13 Natural Abundance under Land Use Change in Semiarid Savanna Soils of La Pampa, Argentina Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., August 3, 2006; 70(5): 1541 - 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. M. Sainju, A. Lenssen, T. Caesar-Thonthat, and J. Waddell Carbon sequestration in dryland soils and plant residue as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2006; 35(4): 1341 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. C. Amado, C. Bayer, P. C. Conceicao, E. Spagnollo, B.-H. C. de Campos, and M. da Veiga Potential of carbon accumulation in no-till soils with intensive use and cover crops in southern Brazil. J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2006; 35(4): 1599 - 1607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Grandy and G. P. Robertson Aggregation and Organic Matter Protection Following Tillage of a Previously Uncultivated Soil Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 21, 2006; 70(4): 1398 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Kennedy and W. F. Schillinger Soil Quality and Water Intake in Traditional-Till vs. No-Till Paired Farms in Washington's Palouse Region Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., April 19, 2006; 70(3): 940 - 949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Marriott and M. M. Wander Total and Labile Soil Organic Matter in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., April 19, 2006; 70(3): 950 - 959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. G. Gregorich, M. H. Beare, U. F. McKim, and J. O. Skjemstad Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Physically Uncomplexed Organic Matter Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., April 19, 2006; 70(3): 975 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. M. Sainju, A. Lenssen, T. Caesar-Tonthat, and J. Waddell Tillage and Crop Rotation Effects on Dryland Soil and Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., February 27, 2006; 70(2): 668 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Plante, R. T. Conant, C. E. Stewart, K. Paustian, and J. Six Impact of Soil Texture on the Distribution of Soil Organic Matter in Physical and Chemical Fractions Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 6, 2006; 70(1): 287 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Manna, A. Swarup, R. H. Wanjari, Y. V. Singh, P. K. Ghosh, K. N. Singh, A. K. Tripathi, and M. N. Saha Soil Organic Matter in a West Bengal Inceptisol after 30 Years of Multiple Cropping and Fertilization Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., December 2, 2005; 70(1): 121 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Sherrod, G. A. Peterson, D. G. Westfall, and L. R. Ahuja Soil Organic Carbon Pools After 12 Years in No-Till Dryland Agroecosystems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., August 25, 2005; 69(5): 1600 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Blazejewski, M. H. Stolt, A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman Macro- and Micromorphology of Subsurface Carbon in Riparian Zone Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 28, 2005; 69(4): 1320 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Al-Kaisi and X. Yin Tillage and Crop Residue Effects on Soil Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Corn-Soybean Rotations J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2005; 34(2): 437 - 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Russell, D. A. Laird, T. B. Parkin, and A. P. Mallarino Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization and Cropping System on Carbon Sequestration in Midwestern Mollisols Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2005; 69(2): 413 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Bravo-Garza and R. B. Bryan Soil Properties along Cultivation and Fallow Time Sequences on Vertisols in Northeastern Mexico Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2005; 69(2): 473 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. McLauchlan and S. E. Hobbie Comparison of Labile Soil Organic Matter Fractionation Techniques Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2004; 68(5): 1616 - 1625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. F. Bronson, T. M. Zobeck, T. T. Chua, V. Acosta-Martinez, R. S. van Pelt, and J. D. Booker Carbon and Nitrogen Pools of Southern High Plains Cropland and Grassland Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2004; 68(5): 1695 - 1704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. O. Marquez, V. J. Garcia, C. A. Cambardella, R. C. Schultz, and T. M. Isenhart Aggregate-Size Stability Distribution and Soil Stability Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 1, 2004; 68(3): 725 - 735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Echeverria, D. Markewitz, L. A. Morris, and R. L. Hendrick Soil Organic Matter Fractions under Managed Pine Plantations of the Southeastern USA Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 1, 2004; 68(3): 950 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Blanco-Canqui, C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, and E. E. Alberts Tillage and Crop Influences on Physical Properties for an Epiaqualf Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2004; 68(2): 567 - 576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Williams, C. W. Rice, A. Omay, and C. Owensby Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in a Tallgrass Prairie Soil under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 1, 2004; 68(1): 148 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. P. Fabrizzi, A. Moron, and F. O. Garcia Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Organic Fractions in Degraded vs. Non-Degraded Mollisols in Argentina Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., November 1, 2003; 67(6): 1831 - 1841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Paul, S. J. Morris, J. Six, K. Paustian, and E. G. Gregorich Interpretation of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Agricultural and Afforested Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2003; 67(5): 1620 - 1628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Franzluebbers and J. A. Stuedemann Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont USA. III. Particulate and Biologically Active Soil Carbon Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 1, 2003; 67(1): 132 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. M. Sainju, T. H. Terrill, S. Gelaye, and B. P. Singh Soil Aggregation and Carbon and Nitrogen Pools under Rhizoma Peanut and Perennial Weeds Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 1, 2003; 67(1): 146 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Salas, E. T. Elliott, D. G. Westfall, C. V. Cole, and J. Six The Role of Particulate Organic Matter in Phosphorus Cycling Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 1, 2003; 67(1): 181 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Entry, R. E. Sojka, and G. E. Shewmaker Management of Irrigated Agriculture to Increase Organic Carbon Storage in Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., November 1, 2002; 66(6): 1957 - 1964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. Skjemstad, D. C. Reicosky, A. R. Wilts, and J. A. McGowan Charcoal Carbon in U.S. Agricultural Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., July 1, 2002; 66(4): 1249 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kerek, R. A. Drijber, W. L. Powers, R. C. Shearman, R. E. Gaussoin, and A. M. Streich Accumulation of Microbial Biomass within Particulate Organic Matter of Aging Golf Greens Agron. J., May 1, 2002; 94(3): 455 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Liebig, G. E. Varvel, J. W. Doran, and B. J. Wienhold Crop Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties in the Western Corn Belt Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2002; 66(2): 596 - 601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Bayer, L. Martin-Neto, J. Mielniczuk, C. N. Pillon, and L. Sangoi Changes in Soil Organic Matter Fractions under Subtropical No-Till Cropping Systems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2001; 65(5): 1473 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. de M. Sa, C. C. Cerri, W. A. Dick, R. Lal, S. P. V. Filho, M. C. Piccolo, and B. E. Feigl Organic Matter Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration Rates for a Tillage Chronosequence in a Brazilian Oxisol Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 2001; 65(5): 1486 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Poly, L. Ranjard, S. Nazaret, F. Gourbière, and L. J. Monrozier Comparison of nifH Gene Pools in Soils and Soil Microenvironments with Contrasting Properties Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2001; 67(5): 2255 - 2262. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Puget and L.E. Drinkwater Short-Term Dynamics of Root- and Shoot-Derived Carbon from a Leguminous Green Manure Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 1, 2001; 65(3): 771 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.A. Kettler, J.W. Doran, and T.L. Gilbert Simplified Method for Soil Particle-Size Determination to Accompany Soil-Quality Analyses Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 1, 2001; 65(3): 849 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Haile-Mariam, W. Cheng, D.W. Johnson, J.T. Ball, and E.A. Paul Use of Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 to Measure the Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Fertilization on Carbon Dynamics in Ponderosa Pine Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., November 1, 2000; 64(6): 1984 - 1993. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.J. Franzluebbers, R.L. Haney, C.W. Honeycutt, H.H. Schomberg, and F.M. Hons Flush of Carbon Dioxide Following Rewetting of Dried Soil Relates to Active Organic Pools Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2000; 64(2): 613 - 623. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.J. Franzluebbers, J.A. Stuedemann, and H.H. Schomberg Spatial Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools under Grazed Tall Fescue Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2000; 64(2): 635 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Six, K. Paustian, E.T. Elliott, and C. Combrink Soil Structure and Organic Matter: I. Distribution of Aggregate-Size Classes and Aggregate-Associated Carbon Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2000; 64(2): 681 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.J. Gale, C.A. Cambardella, and T.B. Bailey Surface Residue- and Root-derived Carbon in Stable and Unstable Aggregates Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 1, 2000; 64(1): 196 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Guggenberger, S. D. Frey, J. Six, K. Paustian, and E. T. Elliott Bacterial and Fungal Cell-Wall Residues in Conventional and No-Tillage Agroecosystems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 1999; 63(5): 1188 - 1198. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Chantigny, D. A. Angers, and C. J. Beauchamp Aggregation and Organic Matter Decomposition in Soils Amended with De-Inking Paper Sludge Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 1999; 63(5): 1214 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.A. Needelman, M.M. Wander, G.A. Bollero, C.W. Boast, G.K. Sims, and D.G. Bullock Interaction of Tillage and Soil Texture: Biologically Active Soil Organic Matter in Illinois Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., September 1, 1999; 63(5): 1326 - 1334. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
