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Nutrient Leaching from Field-Decomposed Corn and Soybean Residue under Simulated Rainfall

Colorado State Univ., P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80522

E. Eugene Alberts

USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Quantification of nutrient leaching from crop residue is important in the management of agricultural water quality. This study measured plant matter decay under field conditions, and nutrient (NH₄, PO₄, and NO₃) leaching dynamics and total mass transport from partially decomposed corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residue under laboratory-scale rainfall simulation. Plant matter decay rates were not significantly different for the two crops during 1 yr of decomposition. The nutrient mass leached (nutrient mass/plant material mass) from soybean residue was, in decreasing order, NH₄-N > NO₃-N > PO₄-P and, from corn residue, NH₄-N > PO₄-P, NO₃-N. More NO₃-N and NH₄-N was leached from soybean residue than from corn residue, but corn residue released more PO₄-P than soybean residue. The fraction of water-soluble nutrient mass in the plant material that was leached under rainfall increased for NO₃, decreased for NH₄, and remained constant for PO₄, as residue decomposed. Equations to simulate nutrient leaching dynamics under simulated rainfall were evaluated and values for model variables were estimated through nonlinear least squares analysis. A hyperbolic equation provided the best model of the total nutrient mass leached during a rainfall event.

Received for publication January 16, 1992.

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