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Plant Response to Organic Amendments and Decreasing Inorganic Nitrogen Rates in Soils froma Long-Term Experiment

Department of Crop and Soil Science, 3017 Agricultural & Life Sciences Building Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331-7306

*Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

To decrease the potential for adverse environmental impacts of N in agroecosystems, there is increasing emphasis on improving N efficiency of organic and inorganic sources. Greater reliance on organic N sources can cause short-term crop yield decreases. Consequently, a study was conducted to determine the effect of decreasing rates of inorganic N during a transition from inorganic to organic N sources. The approach was to grow four crops of maize (Zea mays L.) during a period of 306 d in the greenhouse on soils that varied widely in organic matter and biological activity because of long-term residue and fertilizer management. Treatments were arranged as a complete factorial with the following factors: four soils obtained from the Residue Utilization Plots (RUP), Columbia Basin Research Center, Pendleton, OR (beef manure or pea [Pisum sativum L.] vine residue, 0 or 90 kg N ha^–1, applied biennially since 1931); four greenhouse amendments (pea vine, composted beef or poultry manure, or control); and four rates of N fertilizer (0–1600 mg N [2 kg]^–1 soil as NH₄NO₃). In the absence of organic residue or N fertilizer, soil from the manure RUP produced greater dry matter yield (DMY) and plant N uptake than soil from the other RUP treatments. There was no net N mineralization from beef manure added in the greenhouse. Between 10 and 30% of the total poultry manure and pea vine N added was taken up by the four maize crops. Results showed that, by the fourth crop, when inorganic N applications had decreased to zero, plant productivity by organic residues was best maintained by pea vine residue or poultry manure.

Oregon Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal no. 9949.

Received for publication September 21, 1992.

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