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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:721-729 (1994)
© 1994 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivities of Fiberglass Wicks and Designing Capillary Wick Pore-Water Samplers

John H. Knutson and John S. Selker*

Department of Bioresource Engineering, Oregon State Univ., Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3906

*Corresponding author (selkerj{at}ccmail.orst.edu).

ABSTRACT

Passive capillary samplers (PCAPS) use the capillary potential of fiberglass wicks to draw pore water from unsaturated soils. The sampling suction of a wick should be matched to the pressure head, h, in the soil in which the PCAPS will be installed. Currently there is no theoretically based procedure for matching wicks to soils, a problem this study solves. When matched, the top of a wick has approximately the same h as the soil across multiple fluxes. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities, K(h), were measured in wicks. These data exhibited exponential behavior, and estimates of wick saturated conductivities, Ksat, ranged from 220 to 1380 cm/h. The Ksat values were compared with predictions from a capillary tube model (R2 = 0.85). Moisture contents, {theta}(h), were measured in wicks. Hysteresis was observed, and the draining curves were used to predict K(h) using the van Genuchten equation coupled with the Mualem conductivity model. The van Genuchten equation fit the draining {theta}(h) data well (R2 > 0.953), but Mualem's K(h) values did not reproduce the exponential predictions. A solution for unsaturated flow was used to calculate h in wicks given the flux, q, and length. Calculated values of h were within 25% of the measured values for high fluxes and within 5% of the measured values for low fluxes. A least-squares procedure for matching the h vs. q curve of a wick to a soil was used to design PCAPS for application in two soils.

Received for publication April 28, 1993.


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