HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) An erratum has been published Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Benson, C. F. Articles by Bowman, R. S. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Benson, C. F. Articles by Bowman, R. S. Agricola Articles by Benson, C. F. Articles by Bowman, R. S.

Tri- and Tetrafluorobenzoates as Nonreactive Tracers in Soil and Groundwater

Dep. of Geoscience and Geophysical Research Center, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801

*Corresponding author (bowman{at}nmt.edu).

ABSTRACT

Several fluorinated derivatives of benzoic acid (fluorobenzoate, FBA) have proven their usefulness as nonreactive soil and groundwater tracers. In this study, four previously untested trifluorobenzoates (TFBA) and two tetrafluorobenzoates (TEFBA) were examined for their suitability as water tracers in saturated and unsaturated environments. Negative log acid dissociation constants (pK_a) determined by base titration ranged from 2.71 to 3.54 at 298 K. Some sorption of FBAs was observed in batch equilibration experiments with lower pH, high organic C fraction soils. An algorithm was developed for calculating a linear partition coefficient (K_D) for each FBA isomer based on pK_a, soil organic C, pH, and an average organic C-based partition coefficient for protonated FBA (K*_OC). K*_OC was estimated to be 18 200 ± 6 300 L kg^–1 when total FBA solution concentration is less than 5 mg L^–1. Column mobility experiments in sandy media under saturated and unsaturated conditions yielded breakthrough curves for TFBA and TEFBA isomers that were indistinguishable from Br^–. The results presented herein suggest that all 16 ring-substituted FBAs can serve as nonreactive water tracers.

Received for publication July 28, 1992.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Alletto, Y. Coquet, P. Vachier, and C. Labat Hydraulic Conductivity, Immobile Water Content, and Exchange Coefficient in Three Soil Profiles Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., June 21, 2006; 70(4): 1272 - 1280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Mortensen, K. H. Jensen, B. Nilsson, and R. K. Juhler Multiple Tracing Experiments in Unsaturated Fractured Clayey Till Vadose Zone J., May 1, 2004; 3(2): 634 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. N. Pace, M. N. Pace, M. A. Mayes, P. M. Jardine, T. L. Mehlhorn, J. M. Zachara, and B. N. Bjornstad Quantifying the Effects of Small-Scale Heterogeneities on Flow and Transport in Undisturbed Cores from the Hanford Formation Vadose Zone J., November 1, 2003; 2(4): 664 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Al-Jabri, R. Horton, and D. B. Jaynes A Point-Source Method for Rapid Simultaneous Estimation of Soil Hydraulic and Chemical Transport Properties Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., January 1, 2002; 66(1): 12 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Lee, D. B. Jaynes, and R. Horton Evaluation of a Simple Method for Estimating Solute Transport Parameters: Laboratory Studies Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., March 1, 2000; 64(2): 492 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text]