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Phosphorus Transformations and Availability under Cropping and Fertilization Assessed by Isotopic Exchange

Agronomie-INRA, 17 rue Sully, BV 1540, 21034 Dijon Cedex, France

H. Tiessen, J. O. Moir and J. W. B. Stewart

Soil Science Dep., Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada

*Corresponding author (morel{at}dijon.inra.fr).

ABSTRACT

In fertilized agricultural soils, both fertilizer and soil P are partly depleted by crop export, while residual fertilizer P reacts with the soil. As a result, P availability changes in complex ways that cannot be described by an available P pool. Our objective was to characterize the P availability in two long-term field experiments on a Mollisol and an Alfisol (near Lethbridge and Breton, Canada), by using the soil solution P (C_p) and the time-dependent isotopically exchangeable P (E_t). The relationship of C_p to E_t was further evaluated for short-term reactions by incubating field samples for 1 d with increasing P rates. Both C_p and E_t were related to changes in the soil P budget resulting from continuous cropping and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotations with and without fertilization, with lower C_p values in the more depleted soils. In the Alfisol, field variations in pH and texture affected both E_t and C_p, obscuring relationships between the field P budgets and availability parameters. In the Mollisol, one single equation described the relationship between E_t and C_p for both increases of C_p due to short-term additions and decreases due to long-term crop export, indicating that transformations of available P were fully reversible.

Received for publication August 23, 1993.

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