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Measurement of Divalent Lead Activity in Lead Arsenate Contaminated Soils

Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan Univ. of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

F. J. Peryea^*

Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State Univ., 1100 North Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801

W. L. Lindsay

Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO

S. R. Drake

Tree Fruit Research Lab., USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA

*Corresponding author (fjperyea{at}tfrec.ncw.net).

ABSTRACT

Many soils used for tree fruit production before 1968 contain elevated Pb concentrations resulting from use of lead arsenate pesticides. The chemical form of Pb in these soils may influence its bioavailability and the need for and type of remediation actions. The competitive chelation method was used to determine the single-ion activity of Pb²⁺ in aqueous suspensions of 11 lead arsenate contaminated soils and, for comparison, three Pb-enriched roadside soils. The activity of Pb²⁺ ranged from 10^–9.37 to 10^–7.21, consistent with values published elsewhere, and was inversely related to pH. The soils appeared to fall into two solubility groups, one where Pb²⁺ activity was consistent with control by a Pb-phosphate mineral, possibly Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH or Pb₃(PO₄)₂, and a second group where Pb²⁺ activity was consistent with control by Pb(OH)₂. Both groups contained calcareous soils. Adding monocalcium phosphate to two of the soils from the higher Pb solubility groups shifted one soil to the lower solubility group but had no effect on the second soil. The experimental results suggest that Pb solubility in lead arsenate contaminated soils is not appreciably higher than in soils contaminated by Pb from gasoline and that phosphate amendment may not always reduce soil Pb solubility.

Contribution from the College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA; the Colorado Agric. Exp. Stn., Fort Collins, CO; and Western Regional Research Project W-184. Washington State Univ. Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences Paper 9403-06. Project 0954.

Received for publication April 14, 1994.

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