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Rate of Nitrogen Mineralized from Incorporated Crop Residues as Influenced by Temperature

USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Res. Stn., P.O. Box 400, Akron, CO 80720

D. E. Kissel

Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Room 3111 Miller Plant Science Building, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602

*Corresponding author (mvigil{at}lamar.colostate.edu).

ABSTRACT

Methods are needed to predict seasonal mineralization of N when crop residues are added to soils in order to assess N availability to crops. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate and develop methods for predicting the effect of temperature on the rate of N mineralization (N_min) from crop-residue-amended soils maintained at near-optimum soil water content. Unamended and crop-residueamended soils were incubated at temperatures between 5 and 35°C to obtain N_min rates for calculation of Q₁₀ values, defined as the ratio of reaction rates at a temperature interval of 10°C. Measured Q₁₀ depended on the C/N ratio of the residue and incubation time, indicating that for predictive purposes a single Q₁₀ value is inadequate for describing the effect of temperature on crop-residue N_min. Temperature functions were developed from N_min data collected from unamended soils incubated at four temperatures under laboratory conditions. These functions were then tested in the MINIMO model (a subroutine of CERES-MAIZE) for residue-amended soils at four temperatures for up to 160 d. Model-predicted mineralizations was close to measured N_min for most crop-residue-soil mixtures tested. The use of the new temperature equations improved the precision of the model, reducing the residual sum of squares (RSS) from 9797 to 5286. However, the modified model was not able to accurately predict N_min for crop residues with a C/N ratio of 10 and 28. Inadequate prediction at these C/N ratios may be related to how the model allocates the pool sizes for soluble and insoluble plant N and the cellulose-hemicellulose pool size of the crop residues.

Research partially sponsored by Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL, in cooperation with the Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS.

Received for publication May 9, 1994.

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