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Release and Fixation of Ammonium and Potassium under Long-Term Fertility Management

Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

D. A. Laird^*

USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011

P. Barak

Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

*Corresponding author (laird{at}nstl.gov).

ABSTRACT

Improved nutrient use efficiency in production agriculture is a research priority for both agronomic and environmental reasons. To achieve this goal, a thorough understanding is needed of both short-term and long-term nutrient dynamics in soils. The specific object of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term fertility management on the dynamics of fixed and exchangeable NH₄ and K in a typical Upper Midwestern agricultural soil. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from long-term (30-yr) fertility plots near Arlington, WI. Fixed and exchangeable NH₄ and K were determined for plots receiving 0 and 252 kg ha^–1 K (from 1962–1982) and 0, 68, 112, 168 kg ha^–1 N (from 1962–1993) as urea or NH₄NO₃. Levels of exchangeable NH₄, fixed NH₄, and fixed K were similar for all treatments. Exchangeable K was significantly higher in plots receiving 252 kg ha^–1 K than in those receiving no K. Levels of exchangeable K were also higher in plots receiving no N than in plots receiving N fertilizer. Fixation capacities for both NH₄ and K were significantly reduced by sustained high rates of K fertilization, but not by N fertilization. These results suggest that levels of fixed NH₄ can be neither built up nor depleted through long-term fertility management. On the other hand, levels of exchangeable K and both NH₄ and K fixation capacities are influenced by long-term fertility management.

Received for publication September 25, 1995.

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