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Sorption of Imidacloprid on Soil Clay Mineral and Organic Components

Dep. of Soil, Water and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

W. C. Koskinen^*

USDA-ARS Soil and Water Management Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., Rm. 439, St. Paul, MN 55108

R. Celis, M. C. Hermosin and J. Cornejo

Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, CSIC, P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain

P. Y. Yen

Bayer Corporation, 17745 South Metcalf, Stilwell, KS 66085

*Corresponding author (koskinen{at}soils.umn.edu).

ABSTRACT

Soil clay mineral and organic components have been shown to be responsible for sorption of many pesticides. This study assessed the influence of the different components of the clay fraction of five soils and model sorbents (montmorillonite, Fe oxide, and humic acid) and their binary and ternary associations on sorption of the insecticide imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazoli-dinimine). Sorption was very high on a clay fraction containing a high content of low-laminar-charge montmorillonite and relatively high organic C content. When organic matter of the soil clays was reduced by H₂O₂, sorption decreased; however, the sorption coefficient based on organic C (K_oc) increased. The increase in K_oc was greater on clays whose surface areas substantially increased after H₂O₂ treatment. This indicates a contribution of the surfaces of mineral components of the soil clay to sorption of imidacloprid. Imidacloprid sorbed on both montmorillonite and humic acid, whereas sorption on Fe oxide was very low. The sorption distribution coefficient, K_d, on montmorillonite increased from 15 to 180 when pH was decreased from 3.5 to 1.0, suggesting protonation of the -NH group of the imidazol ring. Sorption on binary and ternary associations of these model sorbents indicated that organic matter is the single most important component affecting sorption of imidacloprid, although there is some contribution of the mineral surfaces.

Received for publication May 19, 1997.

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