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a Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd., Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada, G1V 2J3
b Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Complexe Scientifique, 2700 Einstein St., Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada, G1P 3W8
rochettep{at}em.agr.ca
Agricultural soils often receive annual applications of manure for long periods. Our objective was to quantify the effects of 19 consecutive years of pig (Sus scrofa) slurry (PS) application to a loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid Aeric Haplaquept) on N2O emissions. Soil surface N2O fluxes (FN2O) were measured 36 times in 1 yr. Nitrous oxide concentration profiles, soil NH+4- and NO-3-N contents, denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), and denitrification rate (DR) in soil were also determined to explain the variation in FN2O. Long-term (19 yr) treatments on continuous silage maize (Zea mays L.) were 60 (PS60) and 120 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (PS120) of pig slurry and a control receiving mineral fertilizer at a dose of 150 kg ha-1 each of N, P2O5, and K2O. Denitrifying enzyme activity, soil N2O concentrations, and FN2O (<25 ng m-2 s-1) were low in the control plots receiving mineral fertilizer. Annual applications of PS to the soil for 18 yr had positive residual effects on the DEA compared with the long-term fertilized control plots. Following PS application, there was a strong and rapid increase of FN2O (up to 350 ng m-2 s-1) on manured plots. The PS-induced FN2O increased with increasing quantity of PS, probably as the result of a greater availability of NO-3-N for denitrification. The effects of PS on FN2O were mostly limited to the 30 d following application, with low fluxes (<10 ng m-2 s-1) during the rest of the measurement period. Total N2O–N emissions represented 0.62, 1.23, and 1.65% of total N applied in control, PS60, and PS120 plots, respectively. These emission factors for the PS plots agreed with values previously suggested for N-fertilized soils (1.25%).
Abbreviations: DEA, denitrifying enzyme activity • DR, denitrification rate • PS, pig slurry • PS60, application of pig slurry at 60 Mg ha-1 yr-1 • PS120, application of pig slurry at 120 Mg ha-1 yr-1 • SWE, snow water equivalent
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