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a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd., Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 2J3
b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, P.O. Box 90, 2000, Road 108 East, Lennoxville, QC, Canada, J1M 1Z3
c Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, Complexe Scientifique, 2700 Einstein, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada, G1P 3W8
* Corresponding author (chantignym{at}agr.gc.ca).
Ammonia volatilization occurs shortly following land application of pig slurry. Several slurry and soil characteristics modulate the intensity of this process, and their net effect on volatilization is still hard to predict. Our aim was to compare volatilization following application of anaerobically stored (ASPS) and anaerobically digested (ADPS) pig slurry to a bare loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid, Aeric Haplaquept). Ammonia volatilization was measured using wind tunnels. Soil pH and water, NH+4, NO–3, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were monitored in the 0- to 0.5-, 0.5- to 2-, 2- to 5-, and 5- to 10-cm soil layers to explain volatilization rates. Following slurry application, pH increased by 1 to 3 units in the top 2 cm of soil, resulting in high volatilization rates in the first 6 h of experiment. Thereafter, pH decreased more slowly in ASPS than ADPS plots, possibly due to the degradation of VFAs present in ASPS. After 2 d, 35% of slurry-added NH+4–N was lost as NH3–N for both slurries, corresponding well to the net decrease found in soil NH+4–N content. After 9 d, net soil NH+4–N disappearance accounted for about 60% of slurry-added NH+4–N for both slurries, whereas NH3–N losses represented only 40%. Therefore, for the first 2 d of the experiment NH3 volatilization explained most of the decline in soil NH+4. Afterwards, biological processes, such as immobilization and nitrification, were assumed to play a significant role in slurry NH+4 disappearance. Despite marked changes in slurry properties, anaerobic digestion did not significantly modify the proportion of slurry N that was lost as NH3. Ammonia volatilization was related mostly to soil pH and NH+4 content in the top 2 cm of soil. Below 5-cm depth, slurry application had little effect on soil pH, water, VFA, or mineral N content. This finding stresses the importance of stratified soil sampling when studying the short-term effects of pig slurry on NH3 volatilization and associated soil properties.
Abbreviations: ADPS, anaerobically digested pig slurry • ASPS, anaerobically stored pig slurry • VFA, volatile fatty acid
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