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DIVISION S-6—SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION

Tillage and Crop Influences on Physical Properties for an Epiaqualf

^a Dep. of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences, Univ. of Missouri–Columbia, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211
^b USDA-ARS, 246 Agricultural Engineering Building, Columbia, MO 65211

^* Corresponding author (hb91d{at}mizzou.edu).

Tillage impacts on soil properties differ among soils. This study investigated tillage, cropping, and wheel traffic (WT) effects of 13-yr of no-tillage (NT), chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP) under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) including a check treatment of continuous cultivated fallow (CCF) on bulk density (_b), organic matter (OM), soil–water retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) on a Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic, Aeric Vertic Epiaqualf). Possible relationships between runoff and effective K_sat (K_eff) were also studied. Soil properties were determined on intact cores of 76-mm diam. collected from trafficked and nontrafficked positions for the 0- to 100-mm and 100- to 200-mm depths from the Midwest Research Claypan Farm erosion plots near Kingdom City, MO. Results show that the CCF had lower _b, OM, K_sat, and higher surface runoff than other treatments (P < 0.01). Tillage effects on soil properties among NT, CP, and MP were small and crop dependent. Corn had lower K_sat (7.3 mm h^–1) than soybean (11.7 mm h^–1; P < 0.01). Conversely, corn had slightly higher _b (1.53 Mg m^–3) than soybean (1.48 Mg m^–3; P < 0.01). The _b increased from 1.47 to 1.52 Mg m^–3 and OM decreased from 15.5 to 14.0 g kg^–1 with depth (P < 0.01). Wheel traffic reduced K_sat by three times and increased _b by 6% (P < 0.01). Bulk density was a significant predictor of log K_sat (P < 0.01) but not for soils under CCF management. The K_eff was not related to runoff with the exception of the CCF treatment, which had slightly more runoff and lower K_eff (P < 0.05). Overall, tillage treatments had no significant effects on soil properties; however, cropping and WT had small significant effects on _b and K_sat.

Abbreviations: CCF, continuous cultivated fallow • CP, chisel plow • K_eff, effective saturated hydraulic conductivity • K_sat, saturated hydraulic conductivity • MP, moldboard plow • NT, no-tillage • OM, organic matter • USLE, Universal Soil Loss Equation • _b, bulk density

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