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Published online 27 February 2006
Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 70:550-554 (2006)
DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0065N
© 2006 Soil Science Society of America
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Soil Chemistry Note

Flow-Through and Batch Methods for Determining Calcium-Magnesium and Magnesium-Calcium Selectivity

Tom M. DeSuttera,*, Gary M. Pierzynskib and Luke R. Bakerb

a USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA, 50011, formerly with Dep. of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506
b Dep. of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506

* Corresponding author (desutter{at}nstl.gov)

Conducting binary-exchange experiments is a common way to identify cationic preferences of exchanger phases and the two most common approaches are the flow-through and batch methods. The objectives of this research were to provide the materials and methods for both flow-through and batch equilibration techniques and to compare Ca-Mg and Mg-Ca selectivity when using these two methods on a montmorillonitic soil. The methods were evaluated by comparing both the Gibbs free energy values ({Delta}Gex) and selectivity diagrams derived from the flow-through and batch exchange reactions. The {Delta}Gex values for the Ca-Mg reaction were 634 and 444 J mol–1 as determined by the flow-through and batch methods, respectively, indicating an exchanger preference for Ca. Exchanger preference for Ca was also evident in the Mg-Ca reaction with {Delta}Gex values of –882 and –784 J mol–1 for the flow-through and batch methods, respectively. The flow-through and batch methods worked very well for determining cation selectivity and results indicate no significant differences existed between the two methods.

Abbreviations: DI, deionized water • CEC, cation exchange capacity • ICP, using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy • RCF, relative centrifugal force






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