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Soil Physics

Hydraulic Conductivity, Immobile Water Content, and Exchange Coefficient in Three Soil Profiles

^a Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture de Purpan–75, voie du TOEC BP 57 611, 31 076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
^b UMR INRA/INAPG Environment and Arable Crops, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, BP 01, 78 850 Thiverval-Grignon, France

^* Corresponding author (coquet{at}grignon.inra.fr)

We used tension disk infiltrometers to determine the hydraulic conductivity at the matric potential of –0.1 kPa (K_–0.1), the immobile water fraction (_im/), and the mass exchange coefficient () in three soil profiles of an agricultural field cropped with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A significant effect of soil horizonation was found for K_–0.1, _im/, and and could be related to soil structure as determined either by tillage for surface horizons or by pedogenetic factors for subsurface horizons. The seedbed had lower K_–0.1 values (31 to 99 mm h^–1) than the plowed layer under the seedbed (94–430 mm h^–1). The _im/ was highly variable in the seedbed (0.213 to 0.882), while had values ranging from 0.0006 to 0.0115 h^–1. Values of _im/ and in the plow layer under the seedbed were similar but less variable than those found in the seedbed. In the subsoil, clay-enriched illuvial horizons had K_–0.1 values similar to those found in the seedbed, but lower than those of the heavy clay horizon (average value of 260 mm h^–1) and the limestone horizons (average value of 450 mm h^–1). In the illuvial and heavy clay horizons, both _im/ and parameters had a small variability. In the limestone, we found a high variability of both _im/ values (0.506–0.933) and values (0.0006–0.0424 h^–1) associated with high average values. The presence of subsoil horizons with large _im/ and low values may have a significant impact on ground water contamination.

Abbreviations: DFBA, 2,6-diflurobenzoate • MIM, Mobile–Immobile Model • PFBA, pentafluorobenzoate • TFBA, trifluoromethylbenzoate

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