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Nutrient Management & Soil & Plant Analysis

Recovery of Nitrogen in Fresh and Pelletized Poultry Litter by Rice

^a Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
^b Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, 115 Plt. Sci. Bldg., Fayetteville, AR 72701
^c Agric. Statistics Lab., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701

^* Corresponding author (bgolden{at}uark.edu)

The N-fertilizer value of preplant incorporated poultry litter for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown using the direct-seeded, delayed-flood (DF) production system is unknown. The research objective was to compare preplant incorporated fresh (FPL) and pelleted (PPL) poultry litter with urea applied preflood to determine the urea-nitrogen (N) equivalence of poultry litter for rice. Fresh and pelleted litter were preplant incorporated at total-N rates ranging from 34 to 270 kg N ha^–1 and compared with urea applied preflood at rates ranging from 34 to 168 kg N ha^–1 at five site-years on silt loam soils. Net-N uptakes and grain yields between FPL and PPL were similar, but significantly lower when compared with urea applied preflood, regardless of site-year. By heading, when averaged across all N rates and site-years, rice recovery of the urea-N applied preflood averaged 76%. In contrast, the apparent recovery of N applied as FPL or PPL averaged only 14%. Net-grain yields for rice fertilized with urea increased nonlinearly as N rate increased with near maximal yields produced with 101 kg urea-N ha^–1. Grain yields for FPL and PPL increased linearly and approached the near maximal yields produced with urea-N only when 270 kg total-N ha^–1 was applied. Based on net grain yield, multiplying the total-N content in FPL and PPL by 0.25 reasonably estimates its equivalence to urea applied preflood. Recommended preflood urea-N rates should be decreased by 0.25 times the total N applied as poultry litter.

Abbreviations: DF, delayed flood • FPL, fresh poultry litter • HDG, heading • NF, normal flood • PD, panicle differentiation • PPL, pelleted poultry litter • PTBS, Pine Tree Branch Station • PAN, plant-available nitrogen • RREC, Rice Research Extension Center