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Soft X-ray Radiography of Drainage Patterns of Structured Soils

^a Fac. of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane Univ., Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
^b College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon Univ., Fujisawa, 252, Japan
^c Fac. of Agriculture, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the soft x-ray radiograph in combination with outflow experiments

View larger version (118K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Time sequential drainage patterns of (a) paddy soil, (b) upland field soil, and (c) forest soil

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Macropore contribution to drainage for (a) Gray Lowland paddy soil, (b) Para-Kuroboku field soil, and (c) Brown Forest soil

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Optimized unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Parameters, which were obtained from measured soil water retention curves, were used as initial values. Paddy 30 cm, Paddy 50 cm, Field 50 cm, and Forest 70 cm showed discontinuity near saturation. Saturated hydraulic conductivities of these soils were drawn as single markers (see arrows)

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Measured and optimized soil water retention curves. "m" and "o" ahead of the sample names represent measured and optimized, respectively. GP is Gray Lowland paddy soils, KU is Kuroboku upland field soils, and BF is Brown Forest soils

View larger version (175K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Thin section of root channel in Gray Lowland paddy soils: (a) 50 cm in depth; and (b) 20 cm in depth. Each photograph has a side length of 0.48 mm