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A Simple Approach to Determine Reactive Solute Transport Using Time Domain Reflectometry

^a Environment and Risk Management Group, Hort Research Inst., Private Bag 11-030, Palmerston North, New Zealand
^b ORSTOM, Laboratoire d'Agropédologie, B.P. A5, 98848 Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie, and Laboratoire d'étude des Tranferts en Hydrologie et Environment, B.P.53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France

View larger version (50K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Experimental setup with sprinkler reservoir (S), pressure head regulator (P), and water reservoir (R). The pressure potential controls the water head (H) in the sprinkler reservoir and the pressure potential h0 controls the pressure potential at the base of the soil column

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Measured and predicted (using the CDE model) breakthrough curves of bromide (• and solid line) and nitrate ( and broken line) for (a) bare soil column and (b) column with mustard. Cf denotes the flux concentration

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Time domain reflectometry–measured water content for (a) bare soil column and (b) column with mustard

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Time domain reflectometry–measured bulk soil electrical conductivity for (a) bare soil column and (b) column with mustard, following a pulse of bromide (•) and nitrate (). Also shown are the times for one pore volume for each probe and for bromide (solid lines) and nitrate (broken lines)

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Bromide (•) and nitrate () concentrations, obtained from time domain reflectometry–measured bulk soil electrical conductivities for (a) bare soil column and (b) a column with mustard. Also shown are the predictions using the convection–dispersion equation for the upper two TDR probes for bromide (solid line) and nitrate (broken line)