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Using Paper De-inking Sludge to Maintain Soil Structural Form

Field Measurements

^a Département des Sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, FSAA, Université Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Variation in wet aggregate stability with sludge applications and sampling dates for (a) silty clay soil under barley production, and (b) loamy soil under potato production. *, **, *** Significant at P 0.10, P 0.05, and P 0.01, respectively. SE is standard error. The arrows represent the time at which sludge application occurred

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Variation in wet aggregate stability with sludge applications and sampling dates for a sandy loam soil (a) under barley production, and (b) under potato production. *, **, *** Significant at P 0.10, P 0.05, and P 0.01, respectively. (-) is negative effect. SE is standard error. The arrows represent the time at which sludge application occurred

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Variation in soil bulk density (a) in a silty clay soil, and (b) in a loamy soil with sludge applications. Bars represent the least significant differences (LSD) between treatments at P 0.10. Treatments not marked by the same letter are significantly different

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Variation in soil physical parameters (a) changes in air capacity, and (b) changes in available water with sludge applications for a silty clay soil. Bars represent the least significant differences (LSD) between treatments at P 0.10. Treatments not marked by the same letter are significantly different

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity (a) in a loamy soil, and (b) in a sandy loam soil (potato) with sludge applications. Bars represent the least significant differences (LSD) between treatments at P 0.10. Treatments not marked by the same letter are significantly different

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Relationship between wet aggregate stability and the difference between saturated hydraulic conductivity for rapid and slow-wetting measurements (a) in a silty clay soil, and (b) in a loamy soil. *, **, *** Significant at P 0.10, P 0.05, and P 0.01, respectively