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Infiltration in Homogeneous Sands and a Mechanistic Model of Unstable Flow

^a Radian International, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA
^b Dep. of Chemical and Bioresource Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USA

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Grain size distribution of Ottawa Silica Sands (U.S. Silica Co., Ottawa, IL) F-14 and F-95

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Soil water pressure head (hw) vs. time at a depth of 10 mm for all applied fluxes with air-dry initial soil water content in (a) F-14 sand; (b) 60–80 sand separate; (c) 80–100 sand separate; (d) 100–140 sand separate; and (e) F-95 sand. Fig. 2 (f) is a comparison of measured hw vs. time for all of the samples under applied fluxes of q* = 0.20

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Idealized soil water pressure head (hw) vs. time curves for unstable infiltration (a) and stable infiltration (b). In both scenarios, region I represents the period of rapid pressure change immediately following insertion of tensiometer behind the wetting front; region II is the period of relatively constant change of pressure over time; and region III represents the period in which pressures become steady

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Slope of soil water pressure head (hw) over time vs. dimensionless flux rate (q*) measured at 10 mm depth during steady infiltration with air-dry initial soil water content

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Measured values of soil water pressure head (hw) near the wetting front at 10 mm depth vs. dimensionless applied flux rate (q*) for air-dry initial soil water conditions

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Comparison of soil water pressure head (hw) vs. time under air-dry and positive initial soil water conditions measured at 70 mm depth for (a) F-14 sand under dimensionless flux (q*) = 0.05; and (b) 60–80 separate under q* = 0.50

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7 Measured front depth minus saturated depth (Z) over time for infiltration into air-dry F-14 sand and 60–80 sand separate subject to steady flux of q* = 0.20

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8 Hypothetical (a) soil water characteristic curves, and (b) hydraulic conductivity curves. The two scenarios represent unstable (scenario A) and stable (Scenario B) wetting front pressure conditions

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9 Soil water profiles for unstable (Scenario A) and stable (Scenario B) infiltration in sand of air-dry initial soil water content