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Elastic Wave Velocities in Partially Saturated Ottawa Sand

Experimental Results and Modeling

National Center for Physical Acoustics, Univ. of Mississippi, Coliseum Drive, University, MS 38677 USA

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Experimental setup. The wave sources lie at different depths in a vertical plane. S1 to S4 denote the shear wave sources and C1 to C4 the compressional wave sources. A pair of accelerometers was placed colinearly with each source as depicted in Fig. 2

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Source-receivers arrangement: (a) for compressional waves and (b) for shear waves

View larger version (66K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Establishing a water content gradient based on a typical tension curve in sand shown on the left side

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Temperature dependence of the compressional velocity

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 The horizontal velocity profile in air-dry sand in the tank

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Depth profile of (a) compressional and (b) shear wave velocities in air-dry sand (circles), after the introduction of water at bottom (triangles) and at maximum saturation (squares). The maximum saturations are specified at each level. For the values labeled "water at bottom" (triangles) the amount of water in the body of sand was undetectable by the time domain reflectometry probes

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7 Evolution of compressional and shear wave velocities at S2 and C2 levels

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8 The inferred ratio of compressional to shear velocity in the damp state and maximum saturation state

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9 The results of three successive calculations of (a) compressional and (b) shear wave velocities in wet Ottawa sand as described in the text. The scattered points are the measured speeds. The air-dry experimental values are provided for comparison