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Deriving Transport Parameters from Transient Flow Leaching Experiments by Approximate Steady-State Flow Convection–Dispersion Models

Institute for Land and Water Management, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Vital Decosterstraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Flow rate during an infiltration–drainage cycle at different depths in the soil profile (a) plotted vs. time t and (b) plotted vs. cumulative drainage I(z,t). The average of the flow rates. Triangles refer to the time-averaged flow rate Jw (Part A) and flow-weighted average flow rate or effective flow rate, Jw eff (Part B)

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Water content, , profiles at various times during an infiltration–drainage cycle in the sand-loam for (a) Infiltration Regime 1, (b) Infiltration Regime 2, and (c) Infiltration Regime 3 (Table 2). Thick lines correspond with profiles at the end of the infiltration and redistribution phases

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Flow rates, Jw, during an infiltration–drainage cycle at various depths in the sandy-loam for (a) Infiltration regime 1, (b) Infiltration Regime 2, and (c) Infiltration Regime 3 (Table 2)

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Water content profiles at various times and flow rates at various depths in the loam during an infiltration drainage cycle for infiltration regime 2 (Table 2)

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Solute penetration depth, , as a function of time for various infiltration regimes in the sandy loam (Case 1–3 = Infiltration Regime 1–3) and in the loam for Infiltration Regime 2 (Case 4)

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Numerically simulated breakthrough curves (BTCs) as a function of time, t, at various depths in the sandy loam with = 2 cm. (a) Infiltration Regime 1 (Case 1), (b) Infiltration Regime 2 (Case 2), and (c) Infiltration Regime 3 (Case 3). Labels on the BTCs refer to the observation depth (cm)

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7 Numerically simulated breakthrough curves (BTCs, thick lines) and predicted BTCs (thin lines) by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [9] as a function of cumulative drainage, I, at various depths in the sandy loam with = 2 cm for (a) Infiltration Regime 1 (Case 1), (b) Infiltration Regime 2 (Case 2), and (c) Infiltration Regime 3 (Case 3). Labels on the BTCs refer to the observation depth (cm)

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8 Numerically simulated breakthrough curves (BTCs, thick lines) and predicted BTCs (thin lines) by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [14] as a function of the solute penetration depth, , at various depths in the sandy loam with = 2 cm for (a) Infiltration Regime 1 (Case 1), (b) Infiltration Regime 2 (Case 2), and (c) Infiltration Regime 3 (Case 3). Labels on the BTCs refer to the observation depth (cm)

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9 Numerically simulated breakthrough curves (BTCs, thick lines) in the loam with = 2 cm for Infiltration Regime 2 (Case 4), as function of (a) time, t, (b) cumulative drainage I together with predictions by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [9] (thin lines), and (c) solute penetration depth together with predictions by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [14]. Labels on the BTCs refer to the observation depth (cm)

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10 Numerically simulated breakthrough curves (BTCs, thick lines) in the sandy loam for a large dispersion of the solute front, = 10 cm, for Infiltration Regime 2 (Case 5), as function of (a) time, t, (b) cumulative drainage I together with predictions by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [9] (thin lines), and (c) solute penetration depth z together with predictions by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [14]. Labels on the BTCs refer to the observation depth (cm)

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11 Numerically simulated breakthrough curves (BTCs, thick lines) as a function of the solute penetration depth, , in the sandy loam for Infiltration Regime 2 and for the case of a flow rate dependent dispersivity together with predictions by the approximate steady-state flow model Eq. [17] (dashed line) and the steady-state flow model using eff(z) (thin line): (a) = 0.3 Jw (Case 6) and (b) (Case 7). Labels on the BTCs refer to the observation depth; labels in parentheses refer to eff (both in cm)